Candi Borobudur berbentuk punden berundak, yang terdiri dari enam tingkat berbentuk bujur sangkar, tiga tingkat berbentuk bundar melingkar dan sebuah stupa utama sebagai puncaknya. Selain itu tersebar di semua tingkat-tingkatannya beberapa stupa.

Borobudur yang bertingkat sepuluh menggambarkan secara jelas filsafat mazhab Mahayana. bagaikan sebuah kitab, Borobudur menggambarkan sepuluh tingkatan Bodhisattva yang harus dilalui untuk mencapai kesempurnaan menjadi Buddha.

Bagian kaki Borobudur melambangkan Kamadhatu, yaitu dunia yang masih dikuasai oleh kama atau “nafsu rendah”. Bagian ini sebagian besar tertutup oleh tumpukan batu yang diduga dibuat untuk memperkuat konstruksi candi. Pada bagian yang tertutup struktur tambahan ini terdapat 120 panel cerita Kammawibhangga. Sebagian kecil struktur tambahan itu disisihkan sehingga orang masih dapat melihat relief pada bagian ini.

Empat lantai dengan dinding berelief di atasnya oleh para ahli dinamakan Rupadhatu. Lantainya berbentuk persegi. Rupadhatu adalah dunia yang sudah dapat membebaskan diri dari nafsu, tetapi masih terikat oleh rupa dan bentuk. Tingkatan ini melambangkan alam antara yakni, antara alam bawah dan alam atas. Pada bagian Rupadhatu ini patung-patung Buddha terdapat pada ceruk-ceruk dinding di atas ballustrade atau selasar.

Mulai lantai kelima hingga ketujuh dindingnya tidak berelief. Tingkatan ini dinamakan Arupadhatu (yang berarti tidak berupa atau tidak berwujud). Denah lantai berbentuk lingkaran. Tingkatan ini melambangkan alam atas, di mana manusia sudah bebas dari segala keinginan dan ikatan bentuk dan rupa, namun belum mencapai nirwana. Patung-patung Buddha ditempatkan di dalam stupa yang ditutup berlubang-lubang seperti dalam kurungan. Dari luar patung-patung itu masih tampak samar-samar.

Tingkatan tertinggi yang menggambarkan ketiadaan wujud dilambangkan berupa stupa yang terbesar dan tertinggi. Stupa digambarkan polos tanpa lubang-lubang. Di dalam stupa terbesar ini, diduga dulu ada sebuah patung penggambaran Adibuddha. Patung yang diduga berasal dari stupa terbesar ini kini diletakkan dalam sebuah museum arkeologi, beberapa ratus meter dari candi Borobudur. Patung ini dikenal dengan nama unfinished Buddha.

Di masa lalu, beberapa patung Buddha bersama dengan 30 batu dengan relief, dua patung singa, beberapa batu berbentuk kala, tangga dan gerbang dikirimkan kepada Raja Thailand, Chulalongkorn yang mengunjungi Hindia Belanda (kini Indonesia) pada tahun 1896 sebagai hadiah dari pemerintah Hindia Belanda ketika itu.

Borobudur tidak memiliki ruang-ruang pemujaan seperti candi-candi lain. Yang ada ialah lorong-lorong panjang yang merupakan jalan sempit. Lorong-lorong dibatasi dinding mengelilingi candi tingkat demi tingkat. Di lorong-lorong inilah umat Buddha diperkirakan melakukan upacara berjalan kaki mengelilingi candi ke arah kanan. Bentuk bangunan tanpa ruangan dan struktur bertingkat-tingkat ini diduga merupakan perkembangan dari bentuk punden berundak, yang merupakan bentuk arsitektur asli dari masa prasejarah Indonesia.

Struktur Borobudur bila dilihat dari atas membentuk struktur mandala.

Pada 7 Desember 1941, pesawat Jepang dikomandoi oleh Laksamana Madya Chuichi Nagumo melaksanakan serangan udara kejutan terhadap Pearl Harbor, pangkalan angkatan laut AS terbesar di Pasifik. Pasukan Jepang menghadapi perlawanan kecil dan menghancurkan pelabuhan tersebut. AS dengan segera mengumumkan perang terhadap Jepang.

Bersamaan dengan serangan terhadap Pearl Harbor, Jepang juga menyerang pangkalan udara AS di Filipina. Setelah serangan ini, Jepang menginvasi Filipina, dan juga koloni-koloni Inggris di Hong Kong, Malaya, Borneo dan Birma, dengan maksud selanjutnya menguasai ladang minyak Hindia Belanda. Seluruh wilayah ini dan daerah yang lebih luas lagi, jatuh ke tangan Jepang dalam waktu beberapa bulan saja. Markas Britania Raya di Singapura juga dikuasai, yang dianggap oleh Churchill sebagai salah satu kekalahan dalam sejarah yang paling

If it’s Harajuku’s youth culture you want to see, don’t even bother unless it’s the weekend and preferably a Sunday. The bridge across the train tracks from Harajuku station to Yoyogi Park is full of Gothic Lolita or GothLoli. The costumes are very outstanding and you can’t miss them. It is funny to see the surprise of the western tourists heading to Yoyogi Park and Meiji Jingu who clearly had not read their guide books fully on Harajuku. You can hear their comments that make it very clear they just don’t understand what is going on. Essentially the youth who have dressed up are just hanging out with friends, many of them come with the hope of being snapped by one of the many magazine photographers who mingle in the crowd. Failing that there are lots of western tourist happy to take their pictures. See nearly 50 exclusive pictures of GothLoli in Harajuku.

During his stay at the Patent Office, and in his spare time, he produced much of his remarkable work and in 1908 he was appointed Privatdozent in Berne. In 1909 he became Professor Extraordinary at Zurich, in 1911 Professor of Theoretical Physics at Prague, returning to Zurich in the following year to fill a similar post. In 1914 he was appointed Director of the Kaiser Wilhelm Physical Institute and Professor in the University of Berlin. He became a German citizen in 1914 and remained in Berlin until 1933 when he renounced his citizenship for political reasons and emigrated to America to take the position of Professor of Theoretical Physics at Princeton*. He became a United States citizen in 1940 and retired from his post in 1945.

After World War II, Einstein was a leading figure in the World Government Movement, he was offered the Presidency of the State of Israel, which he declined, and he collaborated with Dr. Chaim Weizmann in establishing the Hebrew University of Jerusalem.

Einstein always appeared to have a clear view of the problems of physics and the determination to solve them. He had a strategy of his own and was able to visualize the main stages on the way to his goal. He regarded his major achievements as mere stepping-stones for the next advance.

At the start of his scientific work, Einstein realized the inadequacies of Newtonian mechanics and his special theory of relativity stemmed from an attempt to reconcile the laws of mechanics with the laws of the electromagnetic field. He dealt with classical problems of statistical mechanics and problems in which they were merged with quantum theory: this led to an explanation of the Brownian movement of molecules. He investigated the thermal properties of light with a low radiation density and his observations laid the foundation of the photon theory of light.

In his early days in Berlin, Einstein postulated that the correct interpretation of the special theory of relativity must also furnish a theory of gravitation and in 1916 he published his paper on the general theory of relativity. During this time he also contributed to the problems of the theory of radiation and statistical mechanics.

In the 1920′s, Einstein embarked on the construction of unified field theories, although he continued to work on the probabilistic interpretation of quantum theory, and he persevered with this work in America. He contributed to statistical mechanics by his development of the quantum theory of a monatomic gas and he has also accomplished valuable work in connection with atomic transition probabilities and relativistic cosmology.

After his retirement he continued to work towards the unification of the basic concepts of physics, taking the opposite approach, geometrisation, to the majority of physicists.

Einstein’s researches are, of course, well chronicled and his more important works include Special Theory of Relativity (1905), Relativity (English translations, 1920 and 1950), General Theory of Relativity (1916), Investigations on Theory of Brownian Movement (1926), and The Evolution of Physics (1938). Among his non-scientific works, About Zionism (1930), Why War? (1933), My Philosophy (1934), and Out of My Later Years (1950) are perhaps the most important.

Albert Einstein received honorary doctorate degrees in science, medicine and philosophy from many European and American universities. During the 1920′s he lectured in Europe, America and the Far East and he was awarded Fellowships or Memberships of all the leading scientific academies throughout the world. He gained numerous awards in recognition of his work, including the Copley Medal of the Royal Society of London in 1925, and the Franklin Medal of the Franklin Institute in 1935.

Einstein’s gifts inevitably resulted in his dwelling much in intellectual solitude and, for relaxation, music played an important part in his life. He married Mileva Maric in 1903 and they had a daughter and two sons; their marriage was dissolved in 1919 and in the same year he married his cousin, Elsa Löwenthal, who died in 1936. He died on April 18, 1955 at Princeton, New Jersey.

An important settlement for more than two millennia, Paris is today one of the world’s leading business and cultural centres, and its influence in politics, education, entertainment, media, fashion, science and the arts all contribute to its status as one of the world’s major global cities.^[6] The Paris Region (Île-de-France) is France’s foremost centre of economic activity. With €500.8 billion (US$628.9 billion), it produced more than a quarter of the gross domestic product (GDP) of France in 2006.^[7] The Paris Region hosts 36 of the Fortune Global 500 companies^[8] in several business districts, notably La Défense, the largest purpose-built business district in Europe.^[9] Paris also hosts many international organizations such as UNESCO, the OECD, the ICC and the informal Paris Club.

Paris is the most popular tourist destination in the world, with over 30 million foreign visitors per year.^[10] There are numerous iconic landmarks among its many attractions, along with world famous institutions and popular parks.

Global warming is the increase in the average temperature of the Earth’s near-surface air and oceans in recent decades and its projected continuation.

The global average air temperature near the Earth’s surface rose 0.74 ± 0.18 °C (1.33 ± 0.32 °F) during the hundred years ending in 2005.^[1] The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) concludes “most of the observed increase in globally averaged temperatures since the mid-twentieth century is very likely due to the observed increase in anthropogenic greenhouse gas concentrations”^[1] via the greenhouse effect. Natural phenomena such as solar variation combined with volcanoes probably had a small warming effect from pre-industrial times to 1950 and a small cooling effect from 1950 onward.^[2][3] These basic conclusions have been endorsed by at least thirty scientific societies and academies of science,^[4] including all of the national academies of science of the major industrialized countries.^[5][6][7] While individual scientists have voiced disagreement with some findings of the IPCC,^[8] the overwhelming majority of scientists working on climate change agree with the IPCC’s main conclusions.^[9][10]

Climate model projections summarized by the IPCC indicate that average global surface temperature will likely rise a further 1.1 to 6.4 °C (2.0 to 11.5 °F) during the twenty-first century.^[1] The range of values results from the use of differing scenarios of future greenhouse gas emissions as well as models with differing climate sensitivity. Although most studies focus on the period up to 2100, warming and sea level rise are expected to continue for more than a thousand years even if greenhouse gas levels are stabilized. The delay in reaching equilibrium is a result of the large heat capacity of the oceans.^[1]

Increasing global temperature will cause sea level to rise, and is expected to increase the intensity of extreme weather events and to change the amount and pattern of precipitation. Other effects of global warming include changes in agricultural yields, trade routes, glacier retreat, species extinctions and increases in the ranges of disease vectors.

Remaining scientific uncertainties include the amount of warming expected in the future, and how warming and related changes will vary from region to region around the globe. Most national governments have signed and ratified the Kyoto Protocol aimed at reducing greenhouse gas emissions, but there is ongoing political and public debate worldwide regarding what, if any, action should be taken to reduce or reverse future warming or to adapt to its expected consequences.

Volcano Mountain influential to the ground fertility is the main capital economic from a province. This area is agricultural land that is chockablock trees, such as; coconut palm, clove and nutmeg. Manado, North Sulawesi capital is really busy city. Unfolding to lowland, palm hill around the wide bay, encircled by fertile tropical plant. Do a journey to beach, South Manado to Tasik Ria beach and to Tanawanko, then leave the hinterland through Taratara to plateau town Tomohon. It is famous as “Interest Town”, Tomohon between the two volcanoes, Lokon and Mahawu. Hilltop area have yield of fruits, vegetable, and the flower line, which is wide such as, trumpet flower, Bougainville, lily, gladiola flower, angelic and chrysene flower. The beautifully Inspirasi hill give town view with mount as the background. Two-hour climb from Kaskasan, will reside in beautiful top of the mountain. About 36 southwestern km is Manado city, the beauty of Tondano Lake have waited. Having vehicle through the pathway in Tondano through a real interesting rural and extent of clove garden. Around the lake there are a lot of restaurant providing delicious burning fish. All plateau, like this area is shown by many resident old cottages and interesting that you have to find. From the simple cottages until interesting cottages that built from odd hardwood, you will wish to spend some nights in cold climate.

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